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žThe labor of nature is paid, not because she does much, but because she does little. In proportion as she becomes niggardly in her gifts, she exacts a greater price for her work. Where she is munificently bene- cent, she always works gratis. David Ricardo* This book interprets nature and the environment as a scarce resource. Whereas in the past people lived in a paradise of environmental superabundance, at p- sent environmental goods and services are no longer in ample supply. The en- ronment fulfills many functions for the economy: it serves as a public-c- sumption good, as a provider of natural resources, and as receptacle of waste. These different functions compete with each other. Releasing more pollutants into the environment reduces environmental quality, and a better environm- tal quality implies that the environment's use as a receptacle of waste has to be restrained. Consequently, environmental disruption and environmental use are by nature allocation problems. This is the basic message of this book.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg

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Sustainable development, climate policy, and biodiversity conservation are examples of issues on the current political agenda in many countries. These themes are also subject to economic research, and economic insights are increasingly finding their way into the design of environmental policy. Still, the reception of academic findings by policy makers as well as the timely identification of policy-relevant questions by economic researchers often seem to be problematic. This volume attempts to vitalise the exchange between policy makers and academics. It offers a snapshot of environmental economic research on a range of policy-relevant problems. Academic contributions are complemented by views of policy makers on priority fields in environmental policy, the usefulness of academic research for decision making, and requirements to applied research in the future.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg

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Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieuzorg

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The topics addressed in this book are of vital importance to the survival of humankind. Agricultural biodiversity, encompassing genetic diversity as well as human knowledge, is the base upon which agricultural production has been built, and protecting this resource is critical to ensuring the capacity of current and future generations to adapt to unforeseen challenges. Agricultural biodiversity underpins the productivity of all agricultural systems and is particularly important for poor and food-insecure farmers, who maintain highly diverse production systems in response to the marginal and risky production conditions they operate under. Understanding the importance of agricultural biodiversity in the livelihoods of the food insecure and enhancing its performance through the use of a variety of tools, including biotechnology, is a critically important issue in the world today, where over 800 million people have insufficient food to meet minimum needs. A strong theme that runs throughout the book is the importance of good public policy interventions to promote the provision of public goods associated with agricultural biodiversity conservation and directing biotechnology development to meet the needs of the poor. The book's primary innovation is that it describes the relationship between biotechnology and plant genetic diversity and puts these in the context of agricultural development. Both the conservation of plant genetic diversity and agricultural biotechnology have received extensive examination, but the linkages between the two have not, despite the apparently obvious relationship between the two.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Biotechnology --- economie --- biotechnologie --- milieuzorg

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The forest is within the focus of many old, many new and constantly changing interests of economy, society and politics. Concepts for sustained forests can achieve impact in practice only as far as they gain support of society and politics. Forest Policy Analysis advices how to mobilize support in order to make forest policy relevant. This book gives an introduction in the methodology of social sciences. It is a guideline for all those who are interested in the use and protection of the forest. It shows how to identifying political options for solving issues of the forest. The book builds a bridge between the problems concerning forests to the political process. Professor Max Krott is director of the Institute for Forest Policy and Nature Conservation at the University of Göttingen, Germany. He is well experienced in forest policy throughout the whole of Europe. He explores the users of the forest and stakeholders comprised of forest owners, associations, political parties, government and administration. The analysis of the informational, economic and regulatory policy instruments covers the formal as well as the informal processes of policy formulation and implementation. The theory based results are highly relevant for forest policy in all European countries whereas the examples are drawn from Germany.

Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Forestry --- economie --- milieuzorg --- bossen